Critical 9.2Published May 8, 2026

CVE-2026-44498ZEBRA: Block Validator Undercounts Coinbase and P2SH Sigops

Updated under an hour ago (Oct 28, 2026, 1:30 AM ET)

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It affects ZcashFoundation zebra and 1 other product. Add what you run to find out whether that includes you.

No exploitation reported and no EPSS estimate yet.

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Every CVE for ZcashFoundation zebra

Exploited in the last 30 days

ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to version 4.4.0, Zebra's block validator undercounts transparent signature operations against the 20000-sigop block limit (MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS), allowing it to accept blocks that zcashd rejects with bad-blk-sigops. A miner who produces such a block can split the network: Zebra nodes follow the offending chain while zcashd nodes do not. This issue has been patched in version 4.4.0.

CVSS: 9.2 CRITICAL (v4.0, CNA)CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
Weakness (CWE): CWE-682
Known exploited: Not in CISA's KEV catalog
EPSS (exploitation in the next 30 days): Not loaded for this CVE
Assigned by: GitHub_M
NVD analysis: Analyzed
Record last updated: May 14, 2026
First seen by InfoSec Signals: Oct 9, 2026

Affected products

Affected products

ZcashFoundation zebra zcashfoundation:zebra (from the name)	before 4.4.0	CNA record
zfnd zebrad zfnd:zebrad	before 4.4.0	NVD

References

References

https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-jv4h-j224-23cc	x-refsource-confirm, vendor-advisory
https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/releases/tag/v4.4.0	x-refsource-misc, release-notes

The CVE record on cve.org NVD's entry

The CVE record is authoritative. Products marked “from the name” were identified from the CNA's free-text names, not a CPE, and are matched less certainly. This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.