Medium 6.3Published Jul 21, 2026

CVE-2026-46403Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and upgrade side effects

Updated under an hour ago (Oct 26, 2026, 6:10 AM ET)

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Exploited in the last 30 days

Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, KVM exposes `ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments` as a read-only execution mechanism. The hook saves the previous read-only state, sets `runtime.SetReadOnly(true)`, executes the destination context, and then restores the previous read-only state. However, the indirect contract delete and upgrade paths do not reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. As a result, a contract reached through read-only execution can call the production delete hook for a target contract it owns. The delete path appends the target address to `vmOutput.DeletedAccounts`, the output context merges `DeletedAccounts` into the caller output, and the smart contract processor later processes the VM output by deleting accounts listed in that field. The root cause is that read-only mode is applied as runtime state, but not enforced by the state-changing delete and upgrade host-core paths. This breaks the expected isolation boundary for workflows that rely on read-only calls to inspect another contract without allowing that callee to produce state-changing VM output. The issue is fixed in v1.7.17. Contract delete and upgrade host-core paths now reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. The invariant is regression-tested for delete, upgrade, storage writes, value transfers, and any VM output field that can later mutate chain state.

CVSS: 6.3 MEDIUM (v3.1, CNA)CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
Weakness (CWE): CWE-693
Known exploited: Not in CISA's KEV catalog
EPSS (exploitation in the next 30 days): Not loaded for this CVE
Assigned by: GitHub_M
NVD analysis: Deferred
Record last updated: Jul 22, 2026
First seen by InfoSec Signals: Oct 9, 2026

Affected products

Affected products

klever-io klever-go klever_io:klever_go (from the name)	before 1.7.17	CNA record

References

https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33x-refsource-confirm
https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862x-refsource-misc
https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9efx-refsource-misc

The CVE record on cve.org NVD's entry

The CVE record is authoritative. Products marked “from the name” were identified from the CNA's free-text names, not a CPE, and are matched less certainly. This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.