Lessons learned

OCR closes each investigation with a narrative: what happened and what the entity changed. Each resolved case is filed under the control domain it teaches, with a program action and the exam domains it touches, in the same chapters as the analytics.

What this means for you

Workforce training is the corrective action OCR records most often: 2,600 resolved cases of 6,607 (39%), while 34% name no specific change.

The control resolved cases teach most is Business associate oversight (31%): Hold vendors to a signed BAA, a security assessment scaled to the data they hold, and a contractual breach-notice window shorter than the rule's 60 days.

Lessons that apply to you

Set your entity type and the breach type you most want to prevent, and this shows how many resolved cases match and what organizations like yours changed afterward.

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Lessons by the numbers

All 6,607 resolved OCR cases with a narrative, submitted 2009 to 2026. These figures do not change with the filters below. Click a control-domain bar to open that domain's chapter.
6,607
Resolved cases with a lesson
Submitted 2009 to 2026
56%
Name a specific change
3,707 of 6,607; 34% name only general safeguards, 10% state no corrective action
39%
Most common corrective action
Workforce training: 2,600 cases
426
Median days to closure
72 cases observed closing since Sep 23, 2026

Control failure mix

Resolved cases by the control domain they teach, of 6,607
Each case is filed under one domain, first match wins.

Control failure mix by year of submission

Share of each year's resolved cases, five largest domains
  • Business associate oversight
  • Email and phishing defense
  • Device and media encryption
  • Ransomware resilience and recovery
  • Paper records and disposal
  • All other domains
Years with at least 30 resolved cases.

Most common corrective actions

Resolved cases naming each action type, of 6,607
A case naming several actions counts under each.

Corrective actions by year of submission

Share of each year's resolved cases naming the five most common actions
Lines do not stack: one case can name several actions.

Every corrective action type

Corrective action types in resolved OCR cases
Workforce training2,600
Safeguards not specified2,233
Policies and procedures1,249
Workforce sanctions606
Risk analysis and management432
Encryption425
Email security393
Physical security and disposal319
Business associate agreements and vendors285
Access controls and passwords261

Time to resolution

Median days from submission to closure, 72 cases Signals observed closing

By year of submission

By breach type

Median days to closure by breach type
Hacking/IT Incident47512 days
Unauthorized Access/Disclosure24250 days
Theft1834 daysFewer than 5 cases
Measured only for cases Signals saw move from under investigation to the archive, since Sep 23, 2026.

Chapter 2

Attack surface

Where does breached information sit, and which breach types go with which systems?

Read the analytics chapter

2,863 lessons in this chapterOne complete example below, the rest by title. Search, filters and every lesson in full come with a subscription.

Project Belle, LLCNH · Healthcare Provider · 840 individuals · submitted Sep 17, 2026
Unauthorized Access/DisclosureEmail

What changed afterward

  • In response to the breach, the CE implemented additional administrative, technical, and security safeguards to better protect its PHI.

Program action

Put phishing-resistant MFA on every mailbox, filter inbound mail, and cut the ePHI kept in mailboxes with retention rules.

HIPAA §164.312(d), 164.308(a)(5)(ii)(A)

CISSP 5CISM 3CISA 5

Full OCR narrative

The covered entity (CE), Project Belle, LLC, reported that an employee emailed files containing protected health information (PHI) of 840 individuals from a work email account to the employee’s personal email account without approval or authorization. The PHI involved clinical and demographic information. The CE notified HHS, the affected individuals, and the media. In response to the breach, the CE implemented additional administrative, technical, and security safeguards to better protect its PHI.

More lessons in this chapter (titles only)

and 2,854 more in this chapter

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Read all 6,618 lessons in full

Each resolved OCR case with what the organization changed afterward, the program action it points to and the HIPAA citation, filed by control domain in the same chapters as the analytics.
  • What changed afterward: corrective actions pulled from OCR's narrative
  • A program action and HIPAA citation for every lesson
  • CISSP, CISM and CISA exam-domain tags
  • Search the narratives; filter by breach type, entity type and location

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